Youth with substance abuse histories exhibit dysfunctional representation of expected value during a passive avoidance task

Neonatal Effects of Substance Abuse during Pregnancy

Drug abuse in pregnancy is not uncommon, and the use of illicit opioids during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. The aim of the study was to assess neonatal outcome of pregnancy with maternal addiction. Materials and Methods:   In this cohort study we assessed 100 pregnant women 15 -49 years old. To identify drug exposure was used self- questionnaire (Self-Repo...

Preventing Youth Substance Abuse in Your Community

Distributed neural representation of expected value.

Anticipated reward magnitude and probability comprise dual components of expected value (EV), a cornerstone of economic and psychological theory. However, the neural mechanisms that compute EV have not been characterized. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined neural activation as subjects anticipated monetary gains and losses that varied in magnitude and probabi...

Decomposing the roles of perseveration and expected value representation in models of the Iowa gambling task

Models of human behavior in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) have played a pivotal role in accounting for behavioral differences during decision-making. One critical difference between models that have been used to account for behavior in the IGT is the inclusion or exclusion of the assumption that participants tend to persevere, or stay with the same option over consecutive trials. Models that all...

Histories of substance abuse, panic and suicidal ideation in schizophrenic patients with histories of post-psychotic depressions.

1. Forty patients who had had syndromally-defined episodes of post-psychotic depression at least 6 months previously were interviewed in detail for life-time histories of substance abuse, panic attacks, and suicidal ideation. 2. No relationship was found between life-time history of suicidal ideation and substance abuse. 3. Statistically significant associations were found between lifetime hist...